Recent advancements in continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems are opening up growing opportunities for applications in both quantum learning and quantum simulation. In this talk, I will first discuss machine-learning approaches to multi-mode quantum tomography, enabling efficient reconstruction and characterization of high-dimensional CV states beyond conventional techniques. I will then discuss recent results of provably efficient Hamiltonian learning protocols for continuous-variable and hybrid quantum computers, achieving Heisenberg-limited precision. Next, I will turn to quantum simulation with continuous variables, highlighting how bosonic modes provide a natural language for representing gauge fields in quantum field theories. In particular, I will present progress in simulating (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics, where rich topological phases emerge. Overall, these developments point toward the potential of CV quantum processors as a useful framework for advancing learning and simulation capabilities in complex quantum systems.